Effects of calcium salts of palm fatty acids on nutrient digestibility and production responses of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression

Our primary objective was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with calcium salts palm fatty acids (CSPF) compared nonfat control (CON) on nutrient digestibility production responses lactating dairy cows. secondary whether experimental design affects supplemental CSPF. The data set formed from 33 peer-reviewed publications CSPF at ?3% diet dry matter. We analyzed interaction between (continuous vs. change-over) treatments (CON CSPF) (Meta.1). Regardless design, we evaluated CON cows by (Meta.2) (Meta.3) approaches. In Meta.1, there no for any variable. Meta.2, CON, reduced matter intake [DMI, 0.56 ± 0.21 kg/d (±SE)] milk protein content (0.05 0.02 g/100 g), increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (1.60 0.57 percentage units), yields (1.53 kg/d), fat (0.04 3.5% corrected (FCM, 1.28 0.60 improved feed efficiency [energy (ECM)/DMI, 0.08 kg/kg 0.03]. There effect treatment yield, content, body weight, weight change, or condition score. Compared yield de novo (FA) mixed preformed FA. Meta.3, observed that each 1-percentage-unit increase in DMI, NDF digestibility, tended FA milk, fat, FCM, protein, FA, conclusion, our results indicate reason restrictive use change-over designs supplementation studies meta-analysis. Feeding FCM. Additionally, increasing